Solana Protocol Specification

Mainnet reference epoch: E = 1072

Table of contents

1. Scope and conformance
2. Normative language and conventions
3. Terminology and system model
4. Account state
5. Common types, cryptography, and serialization
6. Validator wire protocols
7. Transactions and messages
8. Proof of History and entries
9. Shreds, erasure coding, and block reconstruction
10. Slot and block validity
11. Deterministic state transition
12. SVM, loaders, syscalls, and precompiles
13. Protocol-owned programs and sysvars
14. Consensus hashes and commitments
15. Consensus, voting, and finality
16. Epochs, leader schedule, stake, fees, and rewards
17. Feature activation, versioning, and hard forks
18. Security and adversarial considerations

Appendices:

• Appendix A — Constants, identifiers, and limits
• Appendix B — Wire-layout and disposition index
• Appendix C — Mainnet feature manifest
• Appendix D — Source references

Revision history

Informative table.